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Toners & essences: your questions answered

What's the difference between a toner and an essence?
A toner is usually the first step after cleansing: a watery liquid that refreshes the skin and preps it for what follows. An essence is slightly richer, often with a silkier feel, and is designed to add a layer of hydration before serums. In Korean routines you might use both. If you'd rather keep things simple, choose one that suits how your skin feels.
Should I apply toner with a cotton pad or my hands?
Both work. Pressing toner in with your palms is gentle and wastes less product, which is why Korean brands such as COSRX and Numbuzin often suggest it. A cotton pad gives a fresher, wiped-clean feel. Pre-soaked toner pads are a convenient middle ground: swipe one over the face, then press the leftover liquid in. Exfoliating toners are best used a few times a week to start.
Are witch hazel toners suitable for everyday use?
Witch hazel toners, a US favourite from brands like Thayers, are generally made to be used once or twice a day after cleansing. Alcohol-free versions, which many now are, tend to feel gentler than the astringent toners of the past. If your skin is dry, follow with a hydrating serum or moisturiser, and try a facial mist version for a quick refresh during the day.